Improvement in landsides of plows



A. CHRIST.

Plow.

No 6,724. l Patented Sept 18, 1849.

AM PHOTO-LITHO. C0. N-Y. (OSBORNE'S PROCESS) -UNITED STATES PATENTDance.)

ABRAHAM CHRIST, 0F UNITY, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN'LANDSIDES OF PLOWS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 6,724, dated September18, 1849.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM CHRIST, of Unity, in the county of(lolumbiana and State of Ohio, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in the Construction of Plows; and I do herebydeclare thatthe following is a full and exact description of the construct-ion andoperation of the same, reference being bad to the annexed drawings,making a part of this specification, in which- Figurel is a general viewof the plow; Fig. 2, the landside; Fig. 3, the piece cast solid to themold-board to fasten the landside to; and Fig. 4 is a top View.

In Fig. 1 the character 1 represents the point of the share, the lengthof the point of the share being six and one-quarter inches to where itjoins the mold-board; 2, the pitch of the point of the share,three-eighths of one inch; 3, the height of the cutter on the share,nine to nine and one-half inches, and the fore part or edge stands at anelevation of about fortyfive degrees with the horizon, the outside beingflat or straight, so that by holdinga straightedge along thelandsideand cutter it will strike the cutter the whole breadth and extend outpast the landside and mold-board at least oneeighth of one inch; 1 to 4,the distance from the point of the share to the sheth, nineteen inches;4 to 5, the height of the mold-board just before the sheth, seven andone half inches; 6 to 7, thc cutter where it joins the mold-board to theback part of the sheth, being a flat surface inclining somewhat towardthe surface of the mold-board; S to 9, the distance from the cutter tothe sheth, from six to six and three-quarter inches; 10 to 11, theheight from the bottom of the landside to the top of the sheth, sixteeninches. The front part'of the sheth stands perpendicular and from thetop of the mold-board, inclining from the landside to about the middleof the sheth, about three degrees at the back part thereof, and thefront part rounded out from the landside toward the mold-board.

The rounding out and space between the cutter, the flatness between thecutter, the sheth, and the perpendicularity of the sheth are intended toprevent the ground from accumulating about the sheth by reason of theflat surface extending on the mold-board from the sheth. The sheth,-fromsaid point or a little I above the middle thereof, forms a regular curveoutward toward the landside, so as to incline out from the outside ofthe hole for the beambolt to fasten the beam on top thereof three inchesfarther than the bottom of the landside,

exclusive of the projection of the sole on the draft outward it willthrow the bottom of the landside more in the center of the draft, togive it the counterpoise, considering that the whole stress and force isaltogether on .one side of the plow, the cutting, raising, and turningof the sward over which said form will prevent it pressing so powerfullythe landside against the land and twisting the plow out of the ground atthe landside, and causing hard labor to hold and govern, whereas whenconstructed in this form they will run steady, firm, and are easy ofguidance, turn the sward better, and make prettier work every way, andought to be run on the landside all the plow will bear, or at least torun the hinder edge of the share three degrees above the level of thehorizon, which three degrees, in the inclining of the middle of thesheth, is to be run perpendicular.

11, the top of the sheth or plane, is five and one-half inches long andtwo and three-fourth inches wide. The breadth of the sheth above themoldboard is three and three-fourth inches, and the breadth of the shethat the top plane is three and one-halfinches. 12, the height of themold-board behind the sheth is nine and one-half inches then from theoutside of the sheth across to the outer edge of the moldboard justbehind the sheth, two and one-half to two and three-fourth inches; 1 to13, the distance from the point of the share to the hinder end of thelandside, two feet seven inches, the height of the landside six andthree-fourth inches, and inclining from the bottom to the top outward inthe height thereof one and one-half inch. The landside is cast separate,and fastened by two screw-bolts to a metal plate that is cast solid withthe plow. (Marked or numbered 14.) The sole on the landside is not toextend out more than one-fourth of one inch, and is one and three-fourthinch wide on the bottom. The length of the bottom of thelandside fromthe point of the share is nineteen and one-half inches, exposed tofriction, from thence gradually sloped up to the hind end to the heightof one and one-half inch. The short: ness of the landside is designed toprevent friction, and lessening the draft at least onefourth, and alsois found to be of great advantage in managing the plow.

14 shows where the landside is fastened to the plow by two screw-boltsto a plate that is cast solid to the plow; 15, the screw-bolt to fastenthe handle to the landside, to be as far back as the same will admit of.At 16 the height of the mold-board, being twelve inches back from thesheth,is thirteen and five-eighth inches. At 17 the height of themold-board at the hind end, just before the handle, is fourteen andone-half inches. The width from the bottom of the landside above theextension of the sole across to the hinder lower point of themold-board--by laying a straight-edge along the landside-is fromseventeen and one-half to nineteen inches. The hind surface of themold-board is somewhat curvilinear or planoconvex, inclining in abovetoward the plow to eighty-three degrees, and below inclining under tofifty-five degrees from the horizon.

The height under the hinder end of the moldboard 19 is from eight to teninches. The form of the hind part of the mold-board and the wholesurface of the mold-board is slightly convexed, so that by beginning atthe top with a straight-edge and slidin gi t downward it strikes themold-board uniformly all along, excepting within about four inches fromthe fore edge thereof, which gradually rises a little higher on accountof scouring and keeping clean better, the straight-edge to be raised oneand three-fourths to three inches atleast higher behind than before atthe most convex part of the hind end, and gradually rising higher as itis moved lower down, excepting at the lower part it may sink to thehorizon. It is only calculated to have the straight-edge raised one andthree-fourths to three inches in the distance it would strike themold-board in case it would extend to the fore edge of the same. 20, theupper bolt through the handle and mold-board from the hind end of themold-board, is seven and one-half inches, and thelower bolt through thesame is eight and one-half inches from the one above from center tocenter of the holes 21, the form of the mold-board along the lower side,from thirteen and one-half inches back from the termination of the shareto the hinder end or point of the same to be concaved one inch to oneand one-sixteenth of an inch, and the lower edge of the mold-board fromthe same place back to the hinder point is nearly straight.

The hinder end of the mold-board is rounded is three and five-eighthsinches, more or less,

according to the depth intended to plow. The width across the bottom atthe thirteen and one-half inches back from the share, from themold-board to the landside, is nine and onehalfinches. 23, the length ofthe sole of the mold-board from the share back, is three andthree-fourths inches. 24, the width across the bottom at the terminationof the share, is nine and three-quarter inches. The plow beingonequarter of an inch wider at the termination of the share than it isat thirteen and one-half inches back is calculated to cut and raise thesward easier, cut a larger sward and take it up readier when out, andcutting a wider sward and leave none standing or remaining uncut. 25,the share at the hind end or edge, extends one and one-quarter inch outfrom the moldboard, the surface of the share to be slightly concaved.The length of the edge of the share from the point is nineteen inches.

26 is the screw-bolt to fasten the share to the plow. The share has alsothree dovetails, one under the hinder end and two under the cutter, tokeep it firm and permanent. 1 to 27, the whole length of the plow fromthe point of the share to the hinder end of the mold-board, isforty-three inches. 28 to 29, the length of the beam to the screw-boltwhere it is fastened to the sheth of the plow, is forty-three inches.

30 to 31, the fore end, is generally about fifteen and one-half incheshigh. 29 to 32, the length of the beam from the sheth towhere it isattached to the handle, is from thirty-two to thirty-two and one-halfinches. The calculation thereof is to act as a long lever, which is oneof the first mechanical powers. The beam from the sheth is somewhat bentdownward to where it is attached to the handle, about one andone-quarter inch, and straight on the inside next the mold-board, and isfastened to the handle by.a screw-bolt. 33, the length of the handle, isfour feet ten and one-half inches after bent, ordinary height behind istwo feet ten inches, and the handle that the beam is fastened to is bentfrom a little above the landside outward to where the beam is fastened,and is then bent inward toward the other handle on the mold-board, sothat by laying a straight-edge along the landside at the outside, thewhole length to the point of the share, and then holding a plumb-line onthe outside of the hind end of the handle to strike within two andone-half or three inches of the straight-edge against the land side oredge of the furrow, when the plow stands on the horizontal plane, thewidth of the handles behind at the outside is two feet one or twoinches.

In giving the plow land four and one-half inches is found to answer, butmay be varied to suit, according to circumstances, the position thecutter is placed on the share, either in or out of the land, the varyingof the team, crowding of the horses, &c.

To give the plow land, take the center of the fore end of the beam, laya straight-edge along the landside above the projection of the sole, laya rule against the straight-edge, hold a plumb-line against the centerof the beam, and look against the line and find the figure on the rulewhere it strikes.

Having thus described the construction and operation of my improvedplow, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is

Diminishing the bearing of the landside upon the bottom of the furrow,and thus lessening its friction, by inclining at least one-half

